A 2026 benchmark of main Web API frameworks

index

The contenders

Framework & Source code	Runtime	ORM
Laravel 12 (api / image)	FrankenPHP 8.5	Eloquent
Symfony 8.0 (api / image)	FrankenPHP 8.5	Doctrine 3
FastAPI (api / image)	Python 3.14 (asyncio)	SQLAlchemy 2.0 (asyncio)
NestJS 11 (api / image)	Node 24	Prisma 7
Spring Boot 4.0 (api / image)	Java 25	Hibernate 6
ASP.NET Core 10 (api / image)	.NET 10	EF Core 10

The Swarm cluster for testing

Cluster architecture

Type of machine used for workers and db storage : cpx32, 4 vCPUs, 8GB RAM.

App deployment configurations

1
version: "3.8"
2

3
services:
4
  app:
5
    image: gitea.okami101.io/conduit/laravel:latest
6
    environment:
7
      - APP_KEY=base64:nltxnFb9OaSAr4QcCchy8dG1QXUbc2+2tsXpzN9+ovg=
8
      - DB_CONNECTION=pgsql
9
      - DB_HOST=postgres_db
10
      - DB_USERNAME=okami
11
      - DB_PASSWORD=okami
12
      - DB_DATABASE=conduit_laravel
13
      - JWT_SECRET_KEY=c2b344e1-1a20-47fc-9aef-55b0c0d568a7
14
    networks:
15
      - postgres_db
16
      - traefik_public
17
    deploy:
18
      labels:
19
        - traefik.enable=true
20
        - traefik.http.routers.laravel.entrypoints=websecure
21
        - traefik.http.services.laravel.loadbalancer.server.port=8000
22
      replicas: 2
23
      placement:
24
        max_replicas_per_node: 1
25
        constraints:
26
          - node.labels.run == true
27

28
networks:
29
  postgres_db:
30
    external: true
31
  traefik_public:
32
    external: true

1
version: "3.8"
2

3
services:
4
  app:
5
    image: gitea.okami101.io/conduit/symfony:latest
6
    environment:
7
      - SERVER_NAME=:80
8
      - APP_SECRET=ede04f29dd6c8b0e404581d48c36ec73
9
      - DATABASE_DRIVER=pdo_pgsql
10
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://okami:okami@postgres_db/conduit_symfony
11
      - DATABASE_RO_URL=postgresql://okami:okami@postgres_db/conduit_symfony
12
      - JWT_PASSPHRASE=c2b344e1-1a20-47fc-9aef-55b0c0d568a7
13
      - FRANKENPHP_CONFIG=worker ./public/index.php
14
    networks:
15
      - postgres_db
16
      - traefik_public
17
    deploy:
18
      labels:
19
        - traefik.enable=true
20
        - traefik.http.routers.symfony.entrypoints=websecure
21
        - traefik.http.services.symfony.loadbalancer.server.port=80
22
      replicas: 2
23
      placement:
24
        max_replicas_per_node: 1
25
        constraints:
26
          - node.labels.run == true
27

28
networks:
29
  postgres_db:
30
    external: true
31
  traefik_public:
32
    external: true

1
version: "3.8"
2

3
services:
4
  app:
5
    image: gitea.okami101.io/conduit/fastapi:latest
6
    environment:
7
      - DB_HOST=postgres_db
8
      - DB_RO_HOST=postgres_db
9
      - DB_PORT=5432
10
      - DB_USERNAME=okami
11
      - DB_PASSWORD=okami
12
      - DB_DATABASE=conduit_fastapi
13
      - JWT_PASSPHRASE=c2b344e1-1a20-47fc-9aef-55b0c0d568a7
14
      - UVICORN_WORKERS=4
15
    networks:
16
      - postgres_db
17
      - traefik_public
18
    deploy:
19
      labels:
20
        - traefik.enable=true
21
        - traefik.http.routers.fastapi.entrypoints=websecure
22
        - traefik.http.services.fastapi.loadbalancer.server.port=8000
23
      replicas: 2
24
      placement:
25
        max_replicas_per_node: 1
26
        constraints:
27
          - node.labels.run == true
28

29
networks:
30
  postgres_db:
31
    external: true
32
  traefik_public:
33
    external: true

1
version: "3.8"
2

3
services:
4
  app:
5
    image: gitea.okami101.io/conduit/nestjs:latest
6
    environment:
7
      - NODE_ENV=production
8
      - DATABASE_URL=postgres://okami:okami@postgres_db/conduit_nestjs
9
      - JWT_SECRET=c2b344e1-1a20-47fc-9aef-55b0c0d568a7
10
    networks:
11
      - postgres_db
12
      - traefik_public
13
    deploy:
14
      labels:
15
        - traefik.enable=true
16
        - traefik.http.routers.nestjs.entrypoints=websecure
17
        - traefik.http.services.nestjs.loadbalancer.server.port=3000
18
      replicas: 2
19
      placement:
20
        max_replicas_per_node: 1
21
        constraints:
22
          - node.labels.run == true
23

24
networks:
25
  postgres_db:
26
    external: true
27
  traefik_public:
28
    external: true

1
version: "3.8"
2

3
services:
4
  app:
5
    image: gitea.okami101.io/conduit/spring-boot:latest
6
    environment:
7
      - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=production
8
      - DB_HOST=postgres_db
9
      - DB_PORT=5432
10
      - DB_RO_HOST=postgres_db
11
      - DB_USERNAME=okami
12
      - DB_PASSWORD=okami
13
      - DB_DATABASE=conduit_springboot
14
      - JWT_SECRET_KEY=YzJiMzQ0ZTEtMWEyMC00N2ZjLTlhZWYtNTViMGMwZDU2OGE3
15
    networks:
16
      - postgres_db
17
      - traefik_public
18
    deploy:
19
      labels:
20
        - traefik.enable=true
21
        - traefik.http.routers.springboot.entrypoints=websecure
22
        - traefik.http.services.springboot.loadbalancer.server.port=8080
23
      replicas: 2
24
      placement:
25
        max_replicas_per_node: 1
26
        constraints:
27
          - node.labels.run == true
28

29
networks:
30
  postgres_db:
31
    external: true
32
  traefik_public:
33
    external: true

1
version: "3.8"
2

3
services:
4
  app:
5
    image: gitea.okami101.io/conduit/aspnet-core:latest
6
    environment:
7
      - Serilog__MinimumLevel__Default=Warning
8
      - ConnectionStrings__DefaultConnection=Host=postgres_db;Username=okami;Password=okami;Database=conduit_aspnetcore;
9
      - ConnectionStrings__DefaultRoConnection=Host=postgres_db;Username=okami;Password=okami;Database=conduit_aspnetcore;
10
      - Jwt__SecretKey=a49ff4e5-12b9-49ac-9d6b-99ff82041c21
11
    networks:
12
      - postgres_db
13
      - traefik_public
14
    deploy:
15
      labels:
16
        - traefik.enable=true
17
        - traefik.http.routers.aspnetcore.entrypoints=websecure
18
        - traefik.http.services.aspnetcore.loadbalancer.server.port=8080
19
      replicas: 2
20
      placement:
21
        max_replicas_per_node: 1
22
        constraints:
23
          - node.labels.run == true
24

25
networks:
26
  postgres_db:
27
    external: true
28
  traefik_public:
29
    external: true

The k6 scenarios

Scenario 1 - Database intensive

1
import http from "k6/http";
2
import { check } from "k6";
3

4
export const options = {
5
    scenarios: {
6
        articles: {
7
            env: { CONDUIT_URL: '<framework_url>' },
8
            duration: '1m',
9
            executor: 'constant-arrival-rate',
10
            rate: '<rate>',
11
            timeUnit: '1s',
12
            preAllocatedVUs: 50,
13
            maxVUs: 200,
14
        },
15
    },
16
};
17

18
export default function () {
19
    const apiUrl = `https://${__ENV.CONDUIT_URL}/api`;
20

21
    const limit = 10;
22
    let offset = 0;
23

24
    let articles = []
25

26
    do {
27
        const articlesResponse = http.get(`${apiUrl}/articles?limit=${limit}&offset=${offset}`);
28
        check(articlesResponse, {
29
            "status is 200": (r) => r.status == 200,
30
        });
31

32
        articles = articlesResponse.json().articles;
33

34
        offset += limit;
35
    }
36
    while (articles && articles.length >= limit);
37
}

The expected pseudocode SQL queries to build this response:

1
SELECT * FROM articles LIMIT 10 OFFSET 0;
2
SELECT count(*) FROM articles;
3
SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN (<articles.author_id...>);
4
SELECT * FROM article_tag WHERE article_id IN (<articles.id...>);
5
SELECT * FROM favorites WHERE article_id IN (<articles.id...>);

Scenario 2 - Runtime intensive

1
import http from "k6/http";
2
import { check } from "k6";
3

4
export const options = {
5
    scenarios: {
6
        articles: {
7
            env: { CONDUIT_URL: '<framework_url>' },
8
            duration: '1m',
9
            executor: 'constant-arrival-rate',
10
            rate: '<rate>',
11
            timeUnit: '1s',
12
            preAllocatedVUs: 50,
13
            maxVUs: 200,
14
        },
15
    },
16
};
17

18
export default function () {
19
    const apiUrl = `https://${__ENV.CONDUIT_URL}.sw.okami101.io/api`;
20

21
    const limit = 10;
22
    let offset = 0;
23

24
    const tagsResponse = http.get(`${apiUrl}/tags`);
25
    check(tagsResponse, {
26
        "status is 200": (r) => r.status == 200,
27
    });
28

29
    let articles = []
30

31
    do {
32
        const articlesResponse = http.get(`${apiUrl}/articles?limit=${limit}&offset=${offset}`);
33
        check(articlesResponse, {
34
            "status is 200": (r) => r.status == 200,
35
        });
36

37
        articles = articlesResponse.json().articles;
38

39
        for (let i = 0; i < articles.length; i++) {
40
            const article = articles[i];
41
            const articleResponse = http.get(`${apiUrl}/articles/${article.slug}`);
42
            check(articleResponse, {
43
                "status is 200": (r) => r.status == 200,
44
            });
45

46
            const commentsResponse = http.get(`${apiUrl}/articles/${article.slug}/comments`);
47
            check(commentsResponse, {
48
                "status is 200": (r) => r.status == 200,
49
            });
50

51
            const authorsResponse = http.get(`${apiUrl}/profiles/${article.author.username}`);
52
            check(authorsResponse, {
53
                "status is 200": (r) => r.status == 200,
54
            });
55
        }
56
        offset += limit;
57
    }
58
    while (articles && articles.length >= limit);
59
}

The results

Laravel

Laravel scenario 1

Iteration creation rate = 20/s

1
checks_total.......: 53958   815.756471/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 53958 out of 53958
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 53958
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=152.53ms min=4.51ms med=142.8ms max=459.15ms p(90)=304.87ms p(95)=344.66ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=152.53ms min=4.51ms med=142.8ms max=459.15ms p(90)=304.87ms p(95)=344.66ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 53958
11
http_reqs......................: 53958  815.756471/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 142    2.146807/s
15
iteration_duration.............: avg=7.8s     min=1.67s  med=8.31s   max=12.3s    p(90)=10.37s   p(95)=10.82s
16
iterations.....................: 1058   15.995225/s
17
vus............................: 14     min=14         max=190
18
vus_max........................: 192    min=50         max=192
19

20
NETWORK
21
data_received..................: 575 MB 8.7 MB/s
22
data_sent......................: 5.1 MB 77 kB/s

Laravel scenario 2

Iteration creation rate = 5/s

1
checks_total.......: 130227  1446.284124/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 130227 out of 130227
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 130227
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=85.13ms min=2.7ms med=69.64ms max=301.09ms p(90)=187.1ms p(95)=217.36ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=85.13ms min=2.7ms med=69.64ms max=301.09ms p(90)=187.1ms p(95)=217.36ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 130227
11
http_reqs......................: 130227 1446.284124/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 126    1.39934/s
15
vus............................: 175    min=5           max=175
16
vus_max........................: 176    min=50          max=176
17

18
NETWORK
19
data_received..................: 299 MB 3.3 MB/s
20
data_sent......................: 11 MB  123 kB/s

Symfony

Symfony scenario 1

Iteration creation rate = 25/s

1
checks_total.......: 71298   1119.920793/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 71298 out of 71298
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 71298
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=86.13ms min=5.77ms med=84.66ms max=246.66ms p(90)=152.69ms p(95)=182.59ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=86.13ms min=5.77ms med=84.66ms max=246.66ms p(90)=152.69ms p(95)=182.59ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 71298
11
http_reqs......................: 71298  1119.920793/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 103    1.617883/s
15
iteration_duration.............: avg=4.41s   min=1.3s   med=4.52s   max=7.62s    p(90)=6.31s    p(95)=6.49s
16
iterations.....................: 1398   21.959231/s
17
vus............................: 59     min=25         max=151
18
vus_max........................: 153    min=50         max=153
19

20
NETWORK
21
data_received..................: 642 MB 10 MB/s
22
data_sent......................: 6.4 MB 101 kB/s

Symfony scenario 2

Iteration creation rate = 5/s

1
checks_total.......: 296749  3296.716429/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 296749 out of 296749
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 296749
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=29.34ms min=1.54ms med=25.39ms max=127.11ms p(90)=57.66ms p(95)=64.72ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=29.34ms min=1.54ms med=25.39ms max=127.11ms p(90)=57.66ms p(95)=64.72ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 296749
11
http_reqs......................: 296749 3296.716429/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 95     1.055397/s
15
iteration_duration.............: avg=43.02s  min=20.22s med=47.91s  max=54.99s   p(90)=53.93s  p(95)=54.4s
16
iterations.....................: 134    1.488666/s
17
vus............................: 72     min=5           max=144
18
vus_max........................: 145    min=50          max=145
19

20
NETWORK
21
data_received..................: 527 MB 5.9 MB/s
22
data_sent......................: 24 MB  262 kB/s

FastAPI

FastAPI scenario 1

Iteration creation rate = 30/s

1
checks_total.......: 86904   1378.310382/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 86904 out of 86904
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 86904
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=74.53ms min=4.91ms med=61.65ms max=802.19ms p(90)=118.93ms p(95)=157.88ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=74.53ms min=4.91ms med=61.65ms max=802.19ms p(90)=118.93ms p(95)=157.88ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 86904
11
http_reqs......................: 86904  1378.310382/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 96     1.522574/s
15
iteration_duration.............: avg=3.81s   min=2.01s  med=3.71s   max=6.28s    p(90)=4.87s    p(95)=5.18s
16
iterations.....................: 1704   27.025694/s
17
vus............................: 8      min=8          max=143
18
vus_max........................: 146    min=50         max=146
19

20
NETWORK
21
data_received..................: 708 MB 11 MB/s
22
data_sent......................: 7.8 MB 124 kB/s

FastAPI scenario 2

Iteration creation rate = 5/s

1
checks_total.......: 222475  2471.191074/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 222475 out of 222475
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 222475
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=44.78ms min=3.3ms  med=36.13ms max=411.67ms p(90)=84.14ms p(95)=113.58ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=44.78ms min=3.3ms  med=36.13ms max=411.67ms p(90)=84.14ms p(95)=113.58ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 222475
11
http_reqs......................: 222475 2471.191074/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 112    1.244065/s
15
iteration_duration.............: avg=58.31s  min=39.18s med=59.92s  max=1m12s    p(90)=1m11s   p(95)=1m11s
16
iterations.....................: 70     0.777541/s
17
vus............................: 119    min=5           max=162
18
vus_max........................: 162    min=50          max=162
19

20
NETWORK
21
data_received..................: 446 MB 5.0 MB/s
22
data_sent......................: 17 MB  186 kB/s

NestJS

NestJS scenario 1

Iteration creation rate = 50/s

1
checks_total.......: 150756  2464.488829/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 150756 out of 150756
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 150756
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=29.36ms min=6.07ms med=27.13ms max=166.53ms p(90)=46ms  p(95)=52.98ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=29.36ms min=6.07ms med=27.13ms max=166.53ms p(90)=46ms  p(95)=52.98ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 150756
11
http_reqs......................: 150756 2464.488829/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 45     0.735639/s
15
iteration_duration.............: avg=1.52s   min=1.08s  med=1.5s    max=2.08s    p(90)=1.78s p(95)=1.84s
16
iterations.....................: 2956   48.32331/s
17
vus............................: 21     min=21          max=90
18
vus_max........................: 93     min=50          max=93
19

20
NETWORK
21
data_received..................: 2.6 GB 42 MB/s
22
data_sent......................: 14 MB  227 kB/s

NestJS scenario 2

Iteration creation rate = 5/s

1
checks_total.......: 358512 4332.501822/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 99.93% 358281 out of 358512
3
checks_failed......: 0.06%  231 out of 358512
4

5
✗ status is 200
6
  ↳  99% — ✓ 358281 / ✗ 231
7

8
HTTP
9
http_req_duration..............: avg=17.72ms min=1.51ms med=14.96ms max=122.66ms p(90)=32.44ms p(95)=39.51ms
10
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=17.73ms min=1.51ms med=14.96ms max=122.66ms p(90)=32.45ms p(95)=39.51ms
11
http_req_failed................: 0.06%  231 out of 358512
12
http_reqs......................: 358512 4332.501822/s
13

14
EXECUTION
15
dropped_iterations.............: 69     0.833843/s
16
iteration_duration.............: avg=27.72s  min=17.94s med=28.6s   max=33.76s   p(90)=32.74s  p(95)=33.13s
17
iterations.....................: 231    2.79156/s
18
vus............................: 9      min=5             max=119
19
vus_max........................: 119    min=50            max=119
20

21
NETWORK
22
data_received..................: 1.6 GB 20 MB/s
23
data_sent......................: 29 MB  348 kB/s

Spring Boot

Spring Boot scenario 1

Iteration creation rate = 60/s

1
checks_total.......: 181101  2978.075175/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 181101 out of 181101
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 181101
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=21.08ms min=2.28ms   med=15.76ms max=185.05ms p(90)=41.1ms p(95)=50.77ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=21.08ms min=2.28ms   med=15.76ms max=185.05ms p(90)=41.1ms p(95)=50.77ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 181101
11
http_reqs......................: 181101 2978.075175/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 50     0.822214/s
15
iteration_duration.............: avg=1.1s    min=518.89ms med=1.09s   max=2.03s    p(90)=1.54s  p(95)=1.64s
16
iterations.....................: 3551   58.393631/s
17
vus............................: 97     min=34          max=98
18
vus_max........................: 100    min=55          max=100
19

20
NETWORK
21
data_received..................: 3.4 GB 56 MB/s
22
data_sent......................: 16 MB  255 kB/s

Spring Boot scenario 2

Iteration creation rate = 5/s

1
checks_total.......: 361616  4497.264215/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 361616 out of 361616
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 361616
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=16.59ms min=1.7ms med=13ms   max=265.36ms p(90)=32.5ms p(95)=41.83ms
9
{ expected_response:true }...: avg=16.59ms min=1.7ms med=13ms   max=265.36ms p(90)=32.5ms p(95)=41.83ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 361616
11
http_reqs......................: 361616 4497.264215/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 68     0.845687/s
15
iteration_duration.............: avg=26s     min=12.3s med=27.08s max=33.23s   p(90)=32.11s p(95)=32.42s
16
iterations.....................: 233    2.897722/s
17
vus............................: 6      min=5           max=116
18
vus_max........................: 118    min=50          max=118
19

20
NETWORK
21
data_received..................: 1.6 GB 20 MB/s
22
data_sent......................: 32 MB  396 kB/s

ASP.NET Core

ASP.NET Core scenario 1

Iteration creation rate = 45/s

1
checks_total.......: 137700  2276.867791/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 137700 out of 137700
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 137700
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=14.75ms  min=3.1ms    med=13.93ms  max=89.59ms p(90)=21.13ms  p(95)=23.82ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=14.75ms  min=3.1ms    med=13.93ms  max=89.59ms p(90)=21.13ms  p(95)=23.82ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 137700
11
http_reqs......................: 137700 2276.867791/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
iteration_duration.............: avg=780.66ms min=498.88ms med=773.39ms max=1.1s    p(90)=888.81ms p(95)=928.54ms
15
iterations.....................: 2700   44.644466/s
16
vus............................: 30     min=29          max=46
17
vus_max........................: 50     min=50          max=50
18

19
NETWORK
20
data_received..................: 3.1 GB 52 MB/s
21
data_sent......................: 12 MB  201 kB/s

ASP.NET Core scenario 2

Iteration creation rate = 5/s

1
checks_total.......: 383344  5099.848651/s
2
checks_succeeded...: 100.00% 383344 out of 383344
3
checks_failed......: 0.00%   0 out of 383344
4

5
✓ status is 200
6

7
HTTP
8
http_req_duration..............: avg=13.64ms min=1.27ms med=11.96ms max=235.6ms p(90)=23.93ms p(95)=28.28ms
9
  { expected_response:true }...: avg=13.64ms min=1.27ms med=11.96ms max=235.6ms p(90)=23.93ms p(95)=28.28ms
10
http_req_failed................: 0.00%  0 out of 383344
11
http_reqs......................: 383344 5099.848651/s
12

13
EXECUTION
14
dropped_iterations.............: 53     0.70509/s
15
iteration_duration.............: avg=21.41s  min=15.48s med=21.44s  max=25.06s  p(90)=24.41s  p(95)=24.66s
16
iterations.....................: 247    3.285985/s
17
vus............................: 2      min=2           max=102
18
vus_max........................: 103    min=50          max=103
19

20
NETWORK
21
data_received..................: 2.3 GB 31 MB/s
22
data_sent......................: 34 MB  456 kB/s

Conclusion

Here are the final req/s results for each framework against PgSQL database.